Tag Archives: tai chi chuan

Martial Arts Perfection of Character

Martial Arts Quotes!

I love martial arts quotes. Some are stupid, and some are brilliant. Have you ever heard of Gichin Funakoshi’s quote:

The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in Victory or defeat,
but in the perfection of the character of its participants.

He wasn’t talking about how tough you could be, or how many people you could beat up, he’s talking about character, and..perfection of that character.

Character refers to the moral and mental qualities of an individual.
Mental qualities refers to how fast and accurate is your thinking.
Moral qualities refers to your ability to differentiate, and act upon, the distinction between good and bad. This goes directly to the point of how honest you are with yourself.

So you’re punching people to learn how to tell good from bad. Hmmm.
Well, everybody already knows good from bad, so what is at point is your ability to act upon the good and stay away from the bad.

That’s why Matrixing is so important.
If your body is configured correctly it will be more efficient.
But what most people miss is that if your body is more efficient…so is your mind.
Proof is obvious: healthy people think quicker and more clearly. Unhealthy people have trouble functioning, and they make more wrong decisions.

So when your instructor talks about being low enough in a stance, or the angle of your footwork, he is working towards perfection, for both you and himself. The problem is…nobody defines what is perfect in the martial arts.

What is perfect is an analysis of the joints, the muscles, the angles, proposed movement, and so on. That is why I recommend:

The Master Instructor Course

That course doesn’t give you a bunch of forms, it tells you how to make your forms correct in angle and joint and muscles and so on.
It tells you the six simple principles that make a technique…ANY TECHNIQUE…work.
These are things that are crucial to the martial arts, yet they are not taught, except in pieces and haphazardly, in any martial arts school in the world.

OUT OF THE BOX: Keep your friends close, and if you can’t make a friend out of your enemy, keep him far, far away!

Thanks for being martial artists, and may the Matrix be with you.
Here’s that link again…

The Master Instructor Course

Have a great work out!

Al

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If you like to read the best novels in the world are at AlCaseBooks.com

Monster Martial Arts Newsletter Restarts

The Best Martial Arts
Newsletter ~ 1124

Good morning!
I suppose you’re surprised to hear from me again,
but i can’t stop doing martial arts,
and the newsletter provides me with a way
to talk to other martial artists,
and, of course,
to spread my ideas about the science of matrixing,
and let you know when I have published a new book,
or produced a new course.
So I’m resurrecting the newsletter.

When I first started martial arts,
back in 1967,
I came across a unique concept.
Interestingly,
I have almost never heard anybody in the martial arts
discuss this concept.
The concept is ‘Dharma Combat.’

Dharma Combat is fighting with awareness.
This is VASTLY different than normal fighting.
People don’t fight with awareness so much as
reaction time and muscle memory.
This tends to limit a fight to strikes and impacts,
and greater strategies are rarely realized.

The history of Dharma Combat,
I was to learn,
was that zen priests would travel from temple to temple,
engage in conversations with the head priest,
and the winner of the zen conversation would stay,
and the loser would hit the road.
I have no idea if this is true,
but I liked the do or die attitude to it all.

Dharma Combat in the martial arts,
technically speaking, is to fight with awareness.
But what is fighting with awareness?
Fighting with awareness results when you can predict
what the other fellow is going to do,
and when he is going to do it.
It is a state of mind.
It is not a way to be tougher and rougher
and better at just beating people up.
Can you predict what your opponent is going to do
before he does it?

It’s actually very simple to do this.
Do a couple of simple exercises intensely
learn to focus your awareness,
and matrix your understanding of the martial arts.
And, as I said earlier, the newsletter
is a way to offer my books and courses to you.
Which is to say…
I wrote a book and titled it ‘Dharma Combat.’
It shows the exact exercises you need to do.
They are simple, they are fun.
They will augment your training greatly.
And they include SEVEN unique videos
If you’re a teacher,
your students will love these exercises.
In the book I describe how I teach these exercises,
and you can adapt these exercises
very simply to your own methods.
Here’s the link…

DHARMA COMBAT

As far as Matrixing,
head over to MonsterMartialArts.com for that.

Hey,
It’s good to be back,
I never stopped doing the martial arts,
I still work out every day,
the only thing I was missing was you.
May the Matrix be with you, and
Have a great work out!

Al

Don’t forget to sign up for the newsletter!

Kung Fu’s Golden Bell Training

Take a Karate Punch the Right Way

Kung fu ‘Golden Bell’ training is a mystical ability that caused the deaths of a hundred thousand people.
The Golden Bell is when a sheath of energy encases the body and protects that body from injury. During the Boxer Rebellion in China over a hundred thousand people believed that by doing esoteric Kung Fu exercises they could develop this ability, and would be immune to bullets.
Oops.
Regardless of this little mistaken overestimation, the Golden Bell does exist, and in this article we will discuss how it is developed and how it works.

I developed my Golden Bell ability in Karate, specifically one of the original Korean schools, the Kang Duk Won (House for Espousing Virtue). KDW as it is done in modern times will NOT develop this ability. That art has changed and become a simple version of tournament style karate.
In the original style of KDW we trained forms in the Okinawan style, but with a Chinese twist. Byung In-Yoon, a Korean martial artist who was the inspiration behind the Kang Duk Won had studied Karate with Kanken Toyama, who was a classmate of Gichin Funakoshi. Byung In-Yoon’s karate did NOT go through Japan. It retained the original flavor and intensity of the Okinawan masters. Also, Byung In-Yoon, had studied Chinese martial arts.
The main factor in developing the Golden Bell was not a simple exercise. It was something we called ‘Plant and push.’
In most karate styles there is a sharp divide. One either trains in full contact, or one trains with ‘touch’ contact.
With plant and push we were trained to do touch contact, then push. We planted our fists on the partner’s body, then pushed.
The simple theory was that if you did only touch contact you never felt weight resisting your punch. You never felt what it felt like to punch somebody. This creates what the Chinese called ‘paper tigers.’
But slapping the fist on the body, then pushing, caused the body to resist. If you push on muscle, the muscle will resist, and grow stronger.
When you push on the body the muscles aren’t set up to directly resist. They tighten up a little, but then something else happens. The spirit (awareness) pushes energy into the area being pushed on. It creates an energy sheath to protect that area.
After three years of this intense training, of approximately 300 classes (twice a week for three years), after delivering and accepting many thousands of these controlled punches to the various areas of the body, after exploring all the self defense moves in the form in realistic fighting modes, I developed the Golden Bell.
Don’t misunderstand me, this is NOT just being able to take a punch.
When people struck my body I would become aware of myself as not being part of the body: I would be a precise awareness unit floating in the vicinity of my head, and the energy in my body would form, and it didn’t matter how strong a punch I was accepting, the energy created by me, the aware spirit controlling my body, was stronger than the meat muscle and bone of the puncher.
Outside of Karate, and the various other martial arts I studied, the Golden Bell protected me. A couple of years ago, at age 75, I was working with a student. He was showing me a sweep and as I was evading I tripped. As I fell into a porch I felt the Golden Bell rise up through my body and protect me. Though the porch was shaken to the core, i had no bruises or breaks.
This experience of being protected is with me all the time.
Once I was walking down a sidewalk. As I stepped past the corner of a building a kid on a skateboard flew into me at probably 20 MPH. I felt the energy rise up, sheath me, and the kid bounced off. Examining the physics, I should have been knocked to the ground, but it was he who bounced.
As stated earlier, modern methods don’t create the Golden Bell. This is because people don’t use the ‘Plant and Push’ method. It is also because people have translated karate and other arts into boxing, into contests of muscle, into tournaments or whatever, and they have eschewed the development of mind and spirit.
The Golden Bell is still there, however. All you have to do is explore the ‘Plant and Push method, make sure yo0u are using the correct physics of the martial arts, and train with faith.

About the author:
Al Case has over 60 years martial arts experience and was a writer for the martial arts magazines. His website, which presents the correct physics of the martial arts, is Monster Martial Arts (dot) com.

Martial Arts Reading Minds

Reading Minds in the Martial Arts!

Newsletter 1121

Reading minds is pretty easy with the martial arts,
but it takes some time to cultivate the ability.
First, dedicate yourself to doing the forms.
Do the forms until they become automatic
and you are halfway there.

Automatic is where most people stop,
and these people end up mouthing
about such things as muscle memory.
But they have only gone halfway.

You must continue to do the forms
until they become intuitive.
Intuitive is quite a bit different than automatic.
Automatic is memory,
it is working off patterns of the past.
Intuitive means you saw it coming,
you are creating spontaneously
as you enter the future.

Because people think they have reached the end
when they are only halfway
they tend to slack off.
They teach,
and think that is a work out.
No.
You must dedicate yourself to exploring the forms
until there is no nook or cranny unexplored.

To sum:
you must do the forms until they are automatic,
then work harder
and undo the automaticity until awareness takes over.

I remember a time,
not the first,
but definitely a memorable time,
when I blew it.

A fellow walked into my school.
Asked a few questions,
watched the students working through the forms,
and he came up with that silliness
which visitors often entertain.

“So you can use this stuff to defeat somebody.”
I saw the challenge in his words.
Oh, he was curious and anxious and…silly.
Would you go up to a carpenter
and challenge him to pound a nail in
just so you could be sure?

But I was just as silly.
“Go ahead, take a punch at me.”

A moment while he considered me.
We were standing side by side
and I suddenly saw how he was going to have to twist
to throw a punch at me.
Then reality changed.
I saw a cartoon reality over imposed on reality.
I saw a cartoon of him twisting and striking,
and I moved.
But I didn’t move far,
because he had not punched.
He had just thought it.
I had picked up the thought and moved too soon.
I should have waited until his punch was almost to my face
before I moved.

I saw sadness in him, and a slump of the shoulder.
He was defeated and didn’t understand how I had beaten him.
I had beaten him in his thoughts.
I had overwhelmed him so thoroughly
he would never become a student.

Thoughts are where actions come from,
so practice the actions of the forms
until you see the thoughts.

Practice the forms until you are in a space that is silent of thoughts,
silent of the rattle and chatter of what goes for
‘human thinking.’

Practice until you are on top of a mountain,
no sounds, mental or otherwise, around you,
and the herd of humanity swirls and chatters below you.

And…you know what I’m going to say,
you can learn ten times faster
if your forms are aligned and make sense.
If they are…matrixed.
Check out the video courses at:

MonsterMartialArts.com

I’ve got matrixing applied to karate, kung fu, aikido, weapons,
and lots of other arts.
Matrix Karate is the start,
but start with what interests you.

Thanks to those who have been buying my books.
A few of them are listed at the bottom of this newsletter.

Have a great work out!
Al

PS ~ sign up for the blog at
https://alcase.wordpress.com

Don’t forget to check out the interview
https://anchor.fm/dale-gillilan/episodes/S1E10—Al-Case-e12e3np

CHECK OUT
THE MARTIAL ARTS BOOKS I HAVE REPUBLISHED!

The Last Martial Arts Book

Advanced Tai Chi Chuan for Real Self Defense!

Five Martial Arts!

Did Ed Parker Really Do This?

The Terrible Truth About Ed Parker

I’ve heard many stories of many arts that were, shall we say, less than honorable. The one I heard about Kenpo Karate, however, is one of the worst I have heard. Unfortunately, I don’t know how true it is, but with the data I present in this article perhaps some one could let me know if they have any light to shed on the truth or falsity of it.

Ed Parker is credited with being the founder of modern Kenpo, putting on the biggest tournament in the world for years, the Internationals, teaching movie stars, including Elvis, and all manner of other deeds. His prowess is quite well known, and his students are legion. Unfortunately, when he first began teaching, while he seemed to demonstrate a talent as a teacher, he was only a brown belt.

In those days he was actually teaching the Heian forms from Shotokan karate, this as illustrated by one of his earliest books. Running out of material to teach his students, he returned to Hawaii and was told to go take a hike, the founder of the system apparently had lost interest in him as a student. I’m not sure, exactly, what the fall out was, but it was perhaps that Ed was teaching without permission.

Ed then ran into a fellow in San Francisco named Jimmy Woo, whose name might have been Jimmy Wu, who knew tremendous and authentic gung fu, but who spoke almost no English. Ed brought Jimmy to Los Angeles, where they lived together, and where Jimmy created the Kenpo forms, the techniques, and so on. Ed took these forms and techniques and began teaching them as his own.

To complicate matters, Ed asked Jimmy to write a book with him on what they were doing, and Jimmy spent his days writing kenpo, teaching Ed and some of his students, all while still being deficient in the English language. One day Jimmy saw a rough translation/draft of the book that Ed was planning on turning over to a publisher, and he was surprised to see that his name was not on the cover, or anywhere in the book. This was surprising, because even though Ed was half the team, Jimmy was doing all the work.

Why not my name on book, is what he was supposed to have said. Ed said he would explain, but he had an errand to run, could they take a drive, and Ed would explain on the way. Jimmy hopped into the car, and Ed drove into Hollywood, but Ed didn’t say a word about the book the whole time he was driving. On Hollywood Blvd, there is an Armenian pastry shop there now, Ed let Jimmy out of the car, and drove off.

Jimmy had one single quarter in his pocket, the clothes on his back, and nothing else. With that last quarter he called one of Ed’s students, who he had been teaching. In his broken English he explained what Ed had done, that he didn’t know where he was, or why it had all happened.

He had been teaching, writing, and suddenly, he had been betrayed. Now, is this story true, or is it a pack of lies? If anybody has definite facts, I sure would like to know.

About the author: Al Case has been studying the martial arts since 1967. He studied Kenpo from ’67 to ’69. He offers instructional books and videos at Monster Martial Arts. He has written a three volume set on Kenpo Karate.

Ed Parker’s Kenpo Karate Problems!

Kenpo Karate is Broken!

That Kenpo is broken is obvious. Actually, not to hurt anybody’s feelings, it has been broken from the get go. One simple proof is that the founder himself, Edmund Parker, presented five different versions of the art during his lifetime.

Five different versions, starting with a shotokan karate based version, and progressing through a variety of made up kung fu. Yet, before you decide I am nothing but a detractor, all the martial arts can be found in Parker’s Kenpo. It is a massive system, and the potential is unlimited.

Now, the problem is that most kung fu systems have been passed along for generations. They have had hundreds, even thousands, of years to become developed, polished and evolved. Chinese Kenpo, on the other hand, has not been benefitted by this process.

The first version, the classical karate version, was extremely workable. Parker ran into difficulties with his instructor, however, and ran out of material to teach. Thus, he hired a kung fu artist from the San Francisco area, Jimmy Wu, to help him put together more material.

The next four versions of Chinese Kenpo, then, are they Parker? Or are they Wu? To be honest, they are probably a mix, but of what percentage?

And, to be fair, one must realize that Parker, through his lineage, and Wu, through his, did bring a certain amount of tried and tested material to the board. And, one must realize that the times were rich with material. There were all sorts of systems of karate and kung fu making their appearance, and Parker had front seat through these times.

That brings us to the intent promised by the title of this article, how to fix Kenpo. The best way to fix Parker’s Kenpo is to throw away the rankings, categorize the techniques by attack, and arrange them in order of difficulty. While this has been done somewhat, in doing it anew one will find all sorts of things that were left out, over emphasized, and so on.

The point is that all the martial arts are there, but they need to be arranged in a more workable manner, and only by a more scientific analysis is one going to come to grips with the truth of Kenpo.

About the Author: Al Case just finished revising and republishing his three volume ‘Matrixing Kenpo Karate’ series. In that series he fulfills the promise made by this article. Look for ‘Matrixing Kenpo Karate‘ on the net.

The Sorta Mixed Up History of Kenpo Karate

A Book on Five Martial Arts!

Three things today!

First, more books republished.
There’s a list of them at the bottom of this newsletter.

Second, I’m back on linkedin.
Somebody stole my site
and I had to jump through hoops,
but it looks like it is under my authorship once again.

Third,
here’s an article I wrote a while ago,
which has not been available
except through buying
The Biggest Martial Arts Lesson of All!
which is a ten volume collection of my articles.
Lord,
I’m going to have to republish the whole ten volumes!
But,
enjoy this one,
and I’ll be putting them in the newsletter.

Here go…

Hey Mate! What’s Yer Kenpo System?

Maybe you remember that great scene in Enter the Dragon where the bad guy asks ‘What’s yer style’ of Bruce Lee? As over the top as that statement appears, it points up the differences of arts, and how confusing such a thing as lineage can be. In no art is this as true as in the art of Kenpo.
Many people think Ed Parker created the style of Kenpo, but he actually only popularized it. And, to be honest, he more than likely added to the confusion of the art. He created something like five different versions, and he drew from Karate and Kung Fu and whatever happened to be on his mind that day.

Kenpo got its start in Japan. There is some confusion as to the correct spelling, some people saying Kenpo, and some saying Kempo. Kenpo usually refers to martial arts stemming from China, and Kempo refers to the more Japanese oriented arts.

There is confusion on this point as there is not agreement. Further, there is not always common lineage. That said, Kenpo, although believed to mean ‘Fist Law,’ is actually ‘Quanfa,’ which means Kung Fu.

The main types of the Kenpo in the USA come from James Mitose. Master Mitose is sometimes a controversial teacher, for he was tried and convicted of murder and extortion. He served his time in Folsom Prison.

Mr. Mitose taught William Chow, who taught Ed Parker. Mr. Parker, as has been described, popularized the art of Kenpo. Students of Mr. Chow include Adriano Emperado, Ralph Castro, Sam Kuaho, and others.

Names of the arts taught by these people include Shaolin Kenpo, Kajukenpo, American Kenpo, Kara-Ho Kempo, and many other arts. There is an abundance of secondary students who were taught by these people. Kenpo has also continued to grow conceptually, drawing from many other arts for kata, self defense applications, and so on.

Though Kenpo grew at a tremendous pace, and though the lineage is sometimes difficult to follow, as is the art itself, there is much value in it. Many people ‘wet their feet’ in the convenient ‘Strip Mall Dojos,’ and then continue their studies elsewhere. Still, to define the true system of kenpo, and to list the roots and influences that resulted in that art can be a daunting task.

Matrix Kung Fu…Monkey Boxing, simplifies and condenses Chinese Kenpo Karate. Head on over over to Monster Martial Arts and make sure you pick up a free book while you’re there.

HAVE A GREAT WORK OUT!

Al

PS ~ you should sign up for the blog at
https://alcase.wordpress.com

It’s expensive to pay Mailchimp and I want to cancel it.

Don’t forget to check out the interview
https://anchor.fm/dale-gillilan/episodes/S1E10—Al-Case-e12e3np

You can find the following books on such places as Thriftbooks, Barnes and Noble. If you can’t find them there they will be on Amazon.

The Last Martial Arts Book
A book on Nine Square Diagram Boxing. You won’t need another martial art after this one! Five hours of video!

Advanced Tai Chi Chuan for Real Self Defense!
Another book on Nine Square Diagram Boxing.

How to Fix Karate! (1)
Analyzes and presents the original self defense techniques of Karate! Five hours of video between book one and two.

How to Fix Karate! (2)
Analyzes and presents the original self defense techniques of Karate! Five hours of video between book one and two.

Five Martial Arts
The forms, two man forms for five different arts, shows how the arts progress from one to another.

Black Belt Yoga
Arranges the asanas in the correct order. Makes the art quickeer and easiere to learn.

The Book of Matrixing
Includes three books describing exactly what Matrixing is and how to use it. This is the science behind the martial arts.

The Book of Neutronics
Includes five books which describe exactly how Neutronics works. This is the science behind the science of matrixing.

MORE COMING!

Back in the Beginning of Kenpo…

A Bit of Kenpo History

I began studying Kenpo in 1967. 

It was so unknown that it was called Kenpo Karate so it could be identified with the art of Karate. Not that that many people knew what karate was.

Kenpo was born in Japan. There are many lineages, but the specific Kenpo that is so widely known these days came from James Mitose, Thunderbolt Chow, Ed Parker, and finally, an instructor near you.

Martial Arts were not studied widely at the time, and usually it was fellows who were tough, who looked forward to the street fight, who studied them.

Kenpo came from Okinawan Karate and Japanese Jujitsu. There were other sourcss, many and varied, but the American style Kenpo you might study was likely based, at least in the beginning, on these arts.

Right from the outset Americans realized that Kenpo could be marketed more easily through tournaments, so we studied our freestyle rabidly, and we looked forward to the weekend trips.

For such a violent art, the participants at these tournaments proved to be a polite bunch. Schools were located a distance apart and there wasn’t much competition. Instructors actually looked forward to seeing each other, to comparing notes, and even learning a ‘secret’ technique or two.

And, outside of school, fights did happen. Proud warriors, Kenpo stylists, all martial artists, were happy to step up to a challenge, take umbrage at a veiled insult, trade fists with a goon.

We were more rabid back then. We didn’t do ten or twenty kicks and think we were done, we would do a couple of hundred and chide ourselves for being lazy. We would do forms by the hour. See if we could do 60 forms in an hour.

In short, we would exhaust ourselves. We would go for a run, do some weightlifting, and then freestyle for a couple of hours in class, and know that we were doing it right.

Mistakes? We made a ton of them. But over time we fixed them; the martial arts tend to be self fixing; the turn of the foot, the line of the wrist, the physics of the universe corrected us and were our teachers.

And now, near fifty years later, all we wish is one thing: to do it all again. To do Karate and Kenpo, to throw and kick and punch to our hearts content.

And we feel sorry for all those people who quit early, or who were born too late, or who were just too lax in their training to really find the truth: You are what you do, that is your measure, and that is your worth.

If you want a REALLY good book on Kenpo, consider ‘How to Create Kenpo’ by Al Case. It has the real history, the one you don’t hear much about, plus a section on how to do forms, plus 150 kenpo techniques, thoroughly analyzed so that you can be the best Kenpoka you can be. That’s How to Create Kenpo. The hard work is up to you.

SPECIAL NOTE: How to Create Kenpo went out of print, but it is due to be republished in the very short future.

EXTRA SPECIAL NOTE: Here is a website with the nasty history behind Kenpo. The Man Who Killed Kenpo. The comments are truly amazing!

Don’t forget to join the blog.

 

Second Monster Martial Arts Book Republished!

New Monster Martial Arts Books!

You ever have people ask you what you do?
It’s a funny question.
It’s designed to give them a handle on you.
But that doesn’t mean anything.
It doesn’t tell people who you are.

You know what I say to people
who ask what I do for a living?
I smile politely and say,
‘I teach people to hurt people.’

Bang!
I just broke their pre-conceived ideas,
I destroyed their trust in labels,
I woke them up.
They blink and grin
and suddenly look at me,
search for the real me.

An enlightened person
won’t let people label them
and categorize them.

I don’t do this for all people,
there are some people I don’t want to see me.
They aren’t nice,
or they are stupid,
or they are time wasters.
Or some other such thing.

But when I find some guy
who is pretty bright
and might be interesting to talk to,
or even to teach…
this wakes them up
avoids preconceptions,
and then we talk
have a real conversation,
and they find out who I really am.

I have thousands of tricks like this
to break through the robotic attitudes
of enslaved people.
But try this one,
and watch how interest perks,
eyes sparkle
as they step outside of their carefully contrived box.

Got another book published.
The going is tough as I figure out different publishing companies.
Oddly,
I found one of my books on Amazon.
But I wouldn’t trust it to stay there.
Here are the two books I’ve published…

The Last Martial Arts Book
https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-last-martial-arts-book-al-case/1146217369?ean=9798227617200

Advanced Tai Chi Chuan for Real Self Defense!
https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/advanced-tai-chi-chuan-for-real-self-defense/53758888/?srsltid=AfmBOoqJyWkLdO18y0RFUxGoTb3CDXCgAXTk-VB_hvu2NHQwKZOqPBmK#edition=71844464&idiq=72002772

Okay, that’s about it for now…
As the books get republished I’ll let you know.
In the meantime…

HAVE A GREAT WORK OUT!

Al

Don’t forget to check out the interview
https://anchor.fm/dale-gillilan/episodes/S1E10—Al-Case-e12e3np

Monster Books Unpublished!

Hi guys!

Amazon has decided not to carry my books anymore.
When you look for my books
you won’t find them on Amazon,
and you’ll likely get a blank page of some sort.

This is bad news for me, of course,
but I’ll be looking for other publishers,
so stay tuned,
I’ll let you know as titles get republished.

In the meantime,
all my video courses,
are still available through

MonsterMartialArts.com

Some of the books are still available in instant download,
but usually in conjunction with the courses.

As this problem has severely impacted my income,
I would certainly be grateful for any orders.

If you want two for one on the courses
order a course
then email me at

aganzul@gmail.com

and tell me what second course you would like.

Any questions or concerns,
juste let me know…

Have a great day and…
A GREAT WORK OUT!

Al

Don’t forget to check out the interview
https://anchor.fm/dale-gillilan/episodes/S1E10—Al-Case-e12e3np